Japanese Food Allergy Guide
日本料理 · Japan
Japanese cuisine has three invisible allergen pillars: dashi (fish stock made from dried bonito or sardines), shoyu (soy sauce containing both wheat and soy), and miso (fermented soybean paste). These appear in virtually every cooked dish and are almost never listed on menus. Japan has no legal requirement for restaurants to disclose allergens, making this one of the most difficult cuisines for allergy management.
Allergen data cross-referenced against published allergen databases.
1. Set your dietary restrictions
Unsafe dishes will be flagged and safe dishes highlighted below.
2. Hidden allergen traps in Japanese cooking
dashi
だし
Dashi is the invisible fish stock that forms the base of almost every Japanese soup, sauce, and simmered dish. Made from dried bonito flakes (katsuobushi) or dried sardines (niboshi), it is present in miso soup, ramen broth, tamagoyaki, chawanmushi, simmered vegetables, and even some pickles. It is almost never listed on menus.
soy sauce
醤油 (shoyu)
Standard Japanese soy sauce (koikuchi shoyu) is approximately 50% wheat by fermentation composition. It is present in teriyaki, yakisoba, tonkatsu sauce, ponzu, all marinades, and most brown sauces. Even tamari, which is marketed as gluten-free, may contain trace wheat. Gluten-free tamari exists but is rare in restaurants.
miso paste
味噌 (miso)
Miso is fermented soybean paste and is a primary allergen for soy-sensitive diners. Some miso varieties also contain barley or wheat. It is the base of miso soup and is also used in marinades, glazes, and dressings.
sesame oil
ごま油 (goma abura)
Sesame oil is used in almost all stir-frying and as a finishing flavor in Japanese dishes. Unlike refined sesame oil, Japanese sesame oil is typically unrefined and retains allergenic proteins. Sesame seeds are also used as garnish on nearly everything.
panko breadcrumbs
パン粉 (panko)
Panko is Japanese-style breadcrumbs made from wheat bread. Used as breading for tonkatsu, katsu curry, korokke, and all fried cutlets. Appears on dishes that seem to be 'just meat' but have a crispy wheat coating.
tempura batter
天ぷら衣 (tenpura koromo)
Tempura batter is made from wheat flour and egg. It coats all tempura items (vegetables, seafood, shrimp). The same batter fryer is used for all items in a restaurant, creating cross-contamination risks even for items ordered without batter.
| Ingredient | Native name | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| dashi | だし | Dashi is the invisible fish stock that forms the base of almost every Japanese soup, sauce, and simmered dish. Made from dried bonito flakes (katsuobushi) or dried sardines (niboshi), it is present in miso soup, ramen broth, tamagoyaki, chawanmushi, simmered vegetables, and even some pickles. It is almost never listed on menus. |
| soy sauce | 醤油 (shoyu) | Standard Japanese soy sauce (koikuchi shoyu) is approximately 50% wheat by fermentation composition. It is present in teriyaki, yakisoba, tonkatsu sauce, ponzu, all marinades, and most brown sauces. Even tamari, which is marketed as gluten-free, may contain trace wheat. Gluten-free tamari exists but is rare in restaurants. |
| miso paste | 味噌 (miso) | Miso is fermented soybean paste and is a primary allergen for soy-sensitive diners. Some miso varieties also contain barley or wheat. It is the base of miso soup and is also used in marinades, glazes, and dressings. |
| sesame oil | ごま油 (goma abura) | Sesame oil is used in almost all stir-frying and as a finishing flavor in Japanese dishes. Unlike refined sesame oil, Japanese sesame oil is typically unrefined and retains allergenic proteins. Sesame seeds are also used as garnish on nearly everything. |
| panko breadcrumbs | パン粉 (panko) | Panko is Japanese-style breadcrumbs made from wheat bread. Used as breading for tonkatsu, katsu curry, korokke, and all fried cutlets. Appears on dishes that seem to be 'just meat' but have a crispy wheat coating. |
| tempura batter | 天ぷら衣 (tenpura koromo) | Tempura batter is made from wheat flour and egg. It coats all tempura items (vegetables, seafood, shrimp). The same batter fryer is used for all items in a restaurant, creating cross-contamination risks even for items ordered without batter. |
These hidden allergens are in the base sauces and pastes. A real Japanese menu has dozens more dishes. Want to check them all at once?
Scan a menu with Menu Decoder3. Browse 20 Japanese dishes
Ramen
ラーメン
Japanese wheat noodles served in a rich broth (soy, miso, salt, or pork bone based) topped with chashu pork, soft-boiled egg, nori, and green onions.
Sushi
寿司
Vinegared rice (shari) topped with or wrapped around raw fish, shellfish, vegetables, or egg, served with soy sauce, wasabi, and pickled ginger.
Miso Soup
味噌汁
A traditional Japanese soup made by dissolving miso paste in dashi broth, typically containing tofu, wakame seaweed, and green onions.
Tempura
天ぷら
Lightly battered and deep-fried seafood or vegetables, served with a dashi-based dipping sauce (tentsuyu) and grated daikon.
Tonkatsu
豚カツ
A thick pork loin or fillet breaded with panko breadcrumbs and deep-fried, served with tonkatsu sauce, shredded cabbage, and steamed rice.
Gyoza
餃子
Pan-fried dumplings filled with ground pork, cabbage, garlic, ginger, and chives, served with a soy-vinegar dipping sauce.
Okonomiyaki
お好み焼き
A savory Japanese pancake made from wheat flour, egg, cabbage, and various fillings such as pork belly, shrimp, or squid, topped with okonomiyaki sauce, mayonnaise, bonito flakes, and aonori.
Udon
うどん
Thick Japanese wheat noodles served in a light dashi-soy broth, topped with tempura, green onions, and kamaboko fish cake.
Soba
そば
Thin Japanese noodles made from buckwheat flour, served cold with a dashi-soy dipping sauce (tsuyu) or hot in a broth.
Takoyaki
たこ焼き
Round wheat flour balls filled with chopped octopus, tempura scraps, green onion, and pickled ginger, topped with takoyaki sauce, mayonnaise, bonito flakes, and aonori.
Yakitori
焼き鳥
Japanese grilled chicken skewers, typically seasoned with tare (soy-mirin glaze) or salt, including various cuts like thigh, breast, liver, and cartilage.
Edamame
枝豆
Young soybeans boiled or steamed in their pods, lightly salted, served as a starter or bar snack.
Onigiri
おにぎり
Japanese rice balls made from cooked white rice, shaped into triangles or cylinders, often with a filling such as tuna mayo, salmon, or pickled plum, wrapped in nori.
Katsu Curry
カツカレー
Japanese curry sauce served over rice with a breaded fried cutlet (tonkatsu or chicken katsu).
Tamagoyaki
卵焼き
A Japanese rolled egg omelette made by cooking thin layers of seasoned egg in a rectangular pan, often flavored with dashi, soy sauce, mirin, and sugar.
Chawanmushi
茶碗蒸し
A delicate savory steamed egg custard made from eggs and dashi broth, containing shrimp, chicken, mushrooms, ginkgo nuts, and kamaboko fish cake.
Mochi
もち
Chewy Japanese rice cakes made from pounded glutinous rice, often filled with sweet red bean paste, ice cream, or flavored cream.
Teriyaki Salmon
サーモン照り焼き
Salmon fillet glazed with a sweet soy sauce-based teriyaki glaze, grilled or broiled, served with steamed rice and vegetables.
Matcha Ice Cream
抹茶アイスクリーム
Ice cream or gelato made with Japanese matcha (ceremonial or culinary grade green tea powder), typically with a dairy cream base.
Shabu-Shabu
しゃぶしゃぶ
A Japanese hot pot dish where thinly sliced meat and vegetables are briefly swished through a pot of simmering kombu dashi broth, then dipped in ponzu or sesame sauce.
What to say at the restaurant
Show these phrases to your server. Tap to copy.
I have a food allergy
食物アレルギーがあります (shokumotsu arerugii ga arimasu)
I cannot eat [allergen]
[アレルゲン]が食べられません ([arerugen] ga taberaremasen)
Does this contain dashi or bonito?
これにだしや鰹節は入っていますか (kore ni dashi ya katsuobushi wa haitte imasu ka)
Does the soy sauce contain wheat?
醤油に小麦は含まれていますか (shouyu ni komugi wa fukumarete imasu ka)
Without soy sauce, please
醤油抜きでお願いします (shouyu nuki de onegai shimasu)
When you sit down at the restaurant, the menu will have dishes not on this list.
Menu Decoder scans the actual menu in front of you, in any language, and checks every dish against your dietary profile in seconds.
Scan a menu nowImportant: Dish Scout is a reference guide, not medical advice. Traditional recipes vary by restaurant, region, and chef. Always verify ingredients with restaurant staff before ordering. When in doubt, don't eat it.