Vietnamese Food Allergy Guide
Ẩm thực Việt Nam · Vietnam
Vietnamese cuisine is built on three invisible allergen pillars: fish sauce (nước mắm) is the universal seasoning replacing salt in virtually every dish, peanuts appear as a default garnish on many noodle and rice dishes, and shrimp paste (mắm tôm) hides in broth bases and condiment trays. The fresh herb culture and rice noodle base can give a false impression of safety for those with gluten or fish allergies.
Allergen data cross-referenced against published allergen databases.
1. Set your dietary restrictions
Unsafe dishes will be flagged and safe dishes highlighted below.
2. Hidden allergen traps in Vietnamese cooking
fish sauce
nước mắm
Nước mắm is the universal seasoning of Vietnamese cooking. It is in the broth of every soup, the dressing of every salad, and the dipping sauce served with almost every dish. It is fermented fish liquid and is always present even when not listed.
peanuts
đậu phộng / lạc
Crushed roasted peanuts are a default garnish on many Vietnamese dishes including bún thịt nướng, gỏi cuốn dipping sauce, and various noodle dishes. They arrive automatically without being listed as an ingredient.
fermented shrimp paste
mắm tôm
Mắm tôm is a pungent purple fermented shrimp paste found on condiment trays and used in bún đậu mắm tôm. It is not visually obvious and is unlabeled at most restaurants. It also hides in the broth of bún bò Huế.
hoisin sauce
tương hoisin
Hoisin sauce is served as a dipping accompaniment with phở and as the base of the peanut dipping sauce with fresh spring rolls. It contains wheat and soy. Despite its name ('seafood sauce' in Cantonese), it contains no seafood but does contain major allergens.
dried shrimp
tôm khô
Dried shrimp appear in bánh cuốn and some salads as a small invisible garnish. They are used for umami enhancement and are rarely listed as an ingredient on English menus.
| Ingredient | Native name | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| fish sauce | nước mắm | Nước mắm is the universal seasoning of Vietnamese cooking. It is in the broth of every soup, the dressing of every salad, and the dipping sauce served with almost every dish. It is fermented fish liquid and is always present even when not listed. |
| peanuts | đậu phộng / lạc | Crushed roasted peanuts are a default garnish on many Vietnamese dishes including bún thịt nướng, gỏi cuốn dipping sauce, and various noodle dishes. They arrive automatically without being listed as an ingredient. |
| fermented shrimp paste | mắm tôm | Mắm tôm is a pungent purple fermented shrimp paste found on condiment trays and used in bún đậu mắm tôm. It is not visually obvious and is unlabeled at most restaurants. It also hides in the broth of bún bò Huế. |
| hoisin sauce | tương hoisin | Hoisin sauce is served as a dipping accompaniment with phở and as the base of the peanut dipping sauce with fresh spring rolls. It contains wheat and soy. Despite its name ('seafood sauce' in Cantonese), it contains no seafood but does contain major allergens. |
| dried shrimp | tôm khô | Dried shrimp appear in bánh cuốn and some salads as a small invisible garnish. They are used for umami enhancement and are rarely listed as an ingredient on English menus. |
These hidden allergens are in the base sauces and pastes. A real Vietnamese menu has dozens more dishes. Want to check them all at once?
Scan a menu with Menu Decoder3. Browse 20 Vietnamese dishes
Phở Bò
Phở Bò
A fragrant Vietnamese beef noodle soup with a long-simmered broth of beef bones, charred ginger, onion, star anise, and cinnamon, served with rice noodles and thin slices of beef.
Bánh Mì
Bánh Mì
A Vietnamese sandwich in a French-influenced baguette filled with pâté, various meats, mayonnaise, pickled vegetables, cucumber, chili, and cilantro.
Gỏi Cuốn
Gỏi Cuốn
Fresh rice paper rolls filled with shrimp, pork, rice vermicelli, lettuce, mint, and served with a hoisin-peanut dipping sauce.
Bún Bò Huế
Bún Bò Huế
A spicy and savory noodle soup from Hue, made with thick round rice noodles in a lemongrass-and-chili beef broth, served with sliced beef, pork knuckle, and congealed blood cake.
Cơm Tấm
Cơm Tấm
A popular Vietnamese street food of broken rice served with grilled pork chop, shredded pork skin, steamed egg meatloaf (chả trứng), and fish sauce dressing.
Bún Thịt Nướng
Bún Thịt Nướng
A cold noodle bowl of rice vermicelli, grilled lemongrass pork, fresh herbs, pickled vegetables, and crushed peanuts, served with nước chấm fish sauce dressing.
Bánh Cuốn
Bánh Cuốn
Delicate steamed rice rolls filled with seasoned ground pork and wood ear mushrooms, served with fried shallots, chả lụa (pork sausage), and nước chấm.
Canh Chua
Canh Chua
A sweet and sour Vietnamese soup made with fish or shrimp, tamarind, tomatoes, pineapple, bean sprouts, and rice paddy herb.
Phở Gà
Phở Gà
A lighter version of phở made with chicken broth, rice noodles, and poached chicken, seasoned with fish sauce and topped with ginger and herbs.
Chè Ba Màu
Chè Ba Màu
A colorful Vietnamese dessert made with mung bean paste, red beans, pandan jelly, and coconut milk over ice.
Chả Giò
Chả Giò
Crispy fried Vietnamese spring rolls filled with ground pork, glass noodles, wood ear mushrooms, and vegetables, wrapped in a thin rice paper or wheat wrapper.
Mì Quảng
Mì Quảng
A central Vietnamese noodle dish with turmeric-infused wide rice noodles, pork, shrimp, quail eggs, roasted peanuts, and a small amount of rich broth.
Bún Chả
Bún Chả
A Hanoi specialty of grilled fatty pork patties and sliced pork belly served in a sweet fish sauce broth with fresh rice vermicelli and herbs.
Phở Chay
Phở Chay
A vegetarian version of phở using a mushroom, ginger, and star anise broth instead of beef, with tofu and vegetables.
Cao Lầu
Cao Lầu
A Hội An specialty made with thick chewy noodles (made with local well water and wood ash), char siu-style pork, bean sprouts, greens, and crispy croutons.
Nước Chấm
Nước Chấm
The universal Vietnamese dipping sauce made with fish sauce, lime juice, sugar, water, garlic, and chili, served alongside nearly every Vietnamese dish.
Bánh Xèo
Bánh Xèo
A crispy Vietnamese crepe made from rice flour and coconut milk, colored yellow with turmeric, filled with shrimp, pork, bean sprouts, and mushrooms.
Bún Riêu
Bún Riêu
A Vietnamese noodle soup with a tomato and fermented crab (mắm cua) broth, topped with crab paste dumplings, tomatoes, and tofu.
Xôi Xéo
Xôi Xéo
Sweet glutinous rice cooked with mung bean, turmeric, and coconut milk, topped with fried shallots.
Bánh Bèo
Bánh Bèo
Small steamed rice flour cakes served in individual dishes, topped with dried shrimp, pork rinds, scallion oil, and fish sauce. A specialty of Hue central Vietnamese cuisine.
What to say at the restaurant
Show these phrases to your server. Tap to copy.
I have a food allergy
Tôi bị dị ứng thức ăn (toy bee zee ung thuk an)
I cannot eat [allergen]
Tôi không ăn được [chất gây dị ứng] (toy khong an duk [chat gay zee ung])
Does this contain fish sauce?
Món này có nước mắm không? (mon nay co nuoc mam khong)
Does this contain shrimp paste?
Món này có mắm tôm không? (mon nay co mam tom khong)
Without peanuts, please
Không bỏ đậu phộng, xin cảm ơn (khong bo dau phong, sin cam un)
When you sit down at the restaurant, the menu will have dishes not on this list.
Menu Decoder scans the actual menu in front of you, in any language, and checks every dish against your dietary profile in seconds.
Scan a menu nowImportant: Dish Scout is a reference guide, not medical advice. Traditional recipes vary by restaurant, region, and chef. Always verify ingredients with restaurant staff before ordering. When in doubt, don't eat it.